The Science of Human Behavior; Biological and Psychological Foundations (Paperback)

Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER III THE ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOR Metabolism, 20. ? Respiration, 20. ? Circulation, 20. ? Reproduction, 21.?Sex, 22. ?Theories of the origin of species,23. ? Orthogenesis, 24. ? NSgeli, 25. ? Eimer, 27.? Differentiation of species through the action of external forces, 30. ?Lamarck, 30. ?Adaptation through the transmission of acquired characters, 30. ? Darwin, 32. ? Variation, 32. ? Selection, 33.?Criticisms of Darwinism, 35. ?Weismann, 38. ? Inheritance through the germ cell, 38. ? Germinal selection, 40. ? Panmixia, 42. We must now study the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the organism in order to understand the structural forms and physiological processes which condition behavior. This can best be done by means of a brief survey of organic evolution showing how these forms and processes have evolved and what forces have been and are at work in the animal world. Physiological Processes Metabolism is the fundamental process which goes on in living matter. There are certain other processes which characterize all living matter. Respiration is the process by which all effete matter and other matter not needed by the organism is oxidized and prepared for excretion. Circulation is the process by which water flows into the organism, carrying with it nutritive ingredients, and flows out of the organism, carrying with it the matter to be excreted. All living matter is characterized by sensitiveness or irritability, which makes it responsive to external influences. I shall discuss this characteristic of living matter later in this book when dealing with the simplest reactions of organisms. As the organism evolves, it acquires a more and more definite form, and then a skeleton which fixes the character of the species and makes it ...