People Executed Under the Lancastrians - Edmund, Earl of Rutland, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, Joan of Arc, John Badby, John Holland, 1st (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 30. Chapters: Edmund, Earl of Rutland, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, Joan of Arc, John Badby, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, John Oldcastle, John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd Fychan, Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Thomas Bagley, Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk, Thomas Grey (1384-1415), Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester, Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, William Sawtrey, William Taylor (Lollard). Excerpt: Joan of Arc (French: , IPA: ca. 1412 - 30 May 1431), nicknamed "The Maid of Orleans" (French: ), is a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. She was born a peasant girl in what is now eastern France. Claiming divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII of France. She was captured by the Burgundians, transferred to the English in exchange for money, put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon for charges of "insubordination and heterodoxy," and was burned at the stake for heresy when she was 19 years old. Twenty-five years after her execution, an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial, pronounced her innocent, and declared her a martyr. Joan of Arc was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is - along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours, St. Louis IX, and St. Theresa of Lisieux - one of the patron saints of France. Joan said that she had visions from God that instructed her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege of Orleans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims. To the present day, Joan of Arc has remained a significant figure in Western civilization. From Napoleon I onward, French politicians of all leanings have invoked her memory. Famous writers and composers who have created works about her include: William Shakespeare (Henry VI, Part 1), Voltaire (The Maid of Orleans), Friedrich Schiller (The Maid of Orleans), Giuseppe Verdi (Giovanna d'Arco), Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (The Maid of Orleans), Mark Twain (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc), Arthur Honegger (Jeanne d'Arc au bucher), Jean Anouilh (