This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1908 Excerpt: ...percentage of carbon, and therefore resembling wrought-iron or mild steel. Such iron is called "malleable" iron, and is much used for small articles which require more toughness than cast-iron possesses, but which are to be made in large numbers, and with a cheapness approaching that of cast-iron. Hinges, gate-fixtures, parts of harness, and a great number of small household articles are made in this way. It must be understood, however, that not every kind of pig-iron can be used for the several kinds of iron that have been described, but that one pig or another, or a mixture of several, must be used, according as high or low steel, foundry iron, chilled iron, good forge iron or malleable iron is required; and great skill and experience are necessary to enable the iron-manufacturer to make the proper selection in each case. LESSON XIX. CHIPPING. OBJEo'rs made of iron, steel, or brass by casting are frequently too rough to be used in the form in which they come from the mould, and have to be finished up by filing, grinding, scraping, and polishing. Sometimes, also, it is necessary to take off more metal than can be conveniently removed by the file. On large and flat surfaces this may be accomplished by means of a planing-machine; but on surfaces that are small, or of such a shape that the planer cannot reach them, the part to be removed is taken off by "chipping" with a coldchisel, that is, a chisel which can be used without first softening by heat the substance which is to be cut. Two kinds of chisel, shown in Fig. 61, are used. The first, A, called a "cape" or cross-cut" chisel, is made thin at 0, but is widened, as shown at G, to give it the needed strength. It is used in cutting grooves. Being thinned at a little...