Condensed Catalogues of Mechanical Equipment Volume 6 (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1916 Excerpt: ...The following conclusions have been derived from experiments made by the Ohio River Board: Little or no allowance can safely be made for adhesion of concrete to concrete, or of concrete to rock, Water pressure is transmitted through concrete, though quite slowly. It is transmitted through joints between concrete and concrete more freely than through solid concrete. Likewise, between concrete and rock, Water travels in small veins in the joints between concrete and concrete, and between concrete and rock, The amount of space of these small veins, i. e., the area of upward water pressure, varies from nearly 0 in excellent granite foundations to 50 per cent or more in rotten shale. Only upward pressure of water without free exit is transmitted quickly through washed gravel, and less quickly through gravel aggregate and sand. If the percolation factor is too small the material under the foundation will blow out and the foundation will fall in. With alluvial soil this blow-out comes with little or no previous warning by boils. Journal, February, 1915, p. 121 Source: Prof. Memoirs, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., vo1. 7 (1915), no. 31 Flow Of Sand And Water Through Spigots It was found from tests made at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that the area of a spigot opening can be calculated from the equation h eV2gfc in which a is the area of the spigot opening, / the viscosity of the mixture, a the rate of discharge by volume, c the coefficient of discharge, g acceleration due to gravity, and h the head of water above the spigot. The term "viscosity" denotes here the ratio of the volume of pure water that will flow through a given orifice under a given head in a given time to the volume of the material under consideration that will flow through the...