1891 in Asia - 1891 in India, 1891 in Japan, 1891 in Saudi Arabia, Tobacco Protest, Tsu Incident, 1891 Mino-Owari Earthquake (Paperback)

Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: 1891 in India, 1891 in Japan, 1891 in Saudi Arabia, Tobacco Protest, tsu Incident, 1891 Mino-Owari Earthquake, Hunza-Naga Campaign, Battle of Mulayda, Malabar Marriage Commission, 1891. Excerpt: The Tobacco Protest, was a Shi'a cleric-led revolt in Iran against an 1890 tobacco concession granted by the Shah to the Western imperial power of Great Britain. The protest climaxed in a widely-obeyed December 1891 fatwa against tobacco use supposedly issued by Grand Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi. The boycott was one of the first times the Iranian religious elite succeeded in forcing the government to retreat from a policy, and was seen as a demonstration that "the Shia ulama were Iran's first line of defense" against colonialism. Beginning in the 19th century, the Qajar dynasty found itself in a precarious situation due to an increasing foreign presence within Iran. Reeling from devastating losses against the Russian Empire in 1813 and 1828 as well as the British Empire in 1857, not only was the Qajar government forced to grant countless concessions to these foreign powers, but Iranian bazaaris (merchants) were left in a highly vulnerable position as they couldnt compete with the numerous economic advantages gained by merchants from Europe. According to the accounts of foreigners living in Iran at the time, the Qajar dynasty was highly unpopular among the populace and was perceived as having little concern for the welfare of its residents. Later accounts by British eyewitnesses suggest that the reason why the dynasty had not been overthrown sooner in the face of widespread discontent was due to British and Russian intervention that essentially propped up the shah. In 1872, Nasir al-Din Shah negotiated a concession with Baron Julius de Reuter, a B... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=336997