Border Crossings of Chile - Argentina-Chile Border Crossings, Bolivia-Chile Border Crossings, Chile-Peru Border Crossings, Tacna, Visviri (Paperback)

Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Argentina-chile Border Crossings, Bolivia-chile Border Crossings, Chile-peru Border Crossings, Tacna, Visviri, Paso Internacional Los Libertadores, Pino Hachado Pass, San Francisco Pass, Cardenal Antonio Samor Pass, Uspallata Pass, Huahum Pass, Paso de Jama, Carirrie Pass, Paso de Los Patos, Chungara-tambo Quemado, Lilpela Pass, Mamuil Malal Pass. Excerpt: Tacna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Francisco Antonio De Zela, a royal accountant (similar in function to a modern-day income tax auditor), initiated the push for Peruvian Independence from Spain in 1811 in Tacna, leading to a series of commemorative actions for the city, culminating in the 1828 declaration of Tacna as the "Heroic City" () by President Jos de La Mar. It was the capital of the short-lived Peru-Bolivian Confederation (18361839) Tacna's economic prosperity attracted a wave of immigrants from Italy. Today, their Italian Peruvian descendants live in the city and many of them still have Italian surnames. This era of successful commerce and agriculture ended drastically with the start of the War of the Pacific. During the war, the cities of Tacna and Arica were invaded by the Chilean Army. A peace agreement, the Treaty of Ancn, was signed in 1883. Under the terms of the treaty, Chile was to occupy the provinces of Tacna and Arica for ten years, after which a plebiscite was to be held to determine the region's sovereignty. Tacna remained under Chilean control for 50 years, in which they implemented a campaign of "Chilenization" in an attempt to persuade the local population to abandon their Peruvian past and accept Chilean nationality. However, Peruvian patriotism of most of the people of Tacna ensured that the Chilean propaganda failed and the planned plebiscite was neve... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=614096