Rubis Class Submarines - Rubis Class Submarine, French Submarine Rubis, French Submarine Amethyste, French Submarine Emeraude (Paperback)

Chapters: Rubis Class Submarine, French Submarine Rubis, French Submarine Amethyste, French Submarine Emeraude, French Submarine Casabianca, French Submarine Saphir, French Submarine Perle. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 30. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: S602 Saphir (ex-Bretagne)S603 Casabianca (ex-Bourgogne)S604 EmeraudeS605 Amethyste S606 Perle The Rubis type is a class of first-generation nuclear attack submarines of the French Navy. They are the most compact nuclear attack submarines to date. All submarines of the class (except for Casabianca) are named after gemstones. Although the Rubis belonged to the same generation as the Redoutable class, due to President Charles De Gaulle insistence on acquiring a nuclear deterrent for France, the program was started only in 1974, after the SSBN program. The first of class Rubis was laid down in December 1976 and launched in 1979. The initial design of the Rubis proved to be problematic with unexpectedly high noise levels. This lead to the Amethyste silencing program (AMElioration Tactique HYdrodynamique Silence Transmission Ecoute) which was applied to the fifth (S605 Amethyste) and sixth (S606 Perle) hulls. The Amethyste and Perle were both longer that the original Rubis, 73.6 metres as compared with 72 metres and the program included upgrades to the sonar, reshaping of the hull form and bow to improve silencing and additional upgrades of the electronics. With the upgrades tested and proven, the original 4 boats were rebuilt to the same standards between 1989 to 1995. During the Pean inter-allied manoeuvres of 1998, Casabianca managed to "sink" USS Eisenhower and her Ticonderoga class escort cruiser They have a central computer system for submarine detection, processing of information, and firing of weapons. The hull is made of 8...More: http: //booksllc.net/?id=188577