Uses of Force and Wilsonian Foreign Policy (Electronic book text)

Frederick S. Calhoun Examines the policies Woodrow Wilson pursued during the seven military interventions he undertook between 1914 and 1919 to develop a specialized vocabulary describing how force is employed as a function of international policy. Calhoun categorizes uses of force as 1) protection: a government's resort to armed power in response to specific threats, real or perceived; 2) retribution: a government's resort to armed power to resolve a problem with another government or organized group operating in a foreign country; 4) introduction: a government's resort to armed power to compel or inaugurate negotiations with another government or organized group operating in a foreign country, and 5) association: a government's resort to armed power to ally itself with specific governments or groups or in response to demands from its allies. This vocabulary allows for a concise description of most military interventions and presents comparative terms for analyzing interventions within a larger context.