Watts' Dictionary of Chemistry Volume 1 (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1888 Excerpt: ...and m-nitraniline resemble one another in readily uniting with phenyl thio-carbimide (forming diphenyl-thio-urea and nitro-di-phenyl-thiourea respectively), while p-, and o-, nitraniline require to be heated for some time with phenyl thio-carbimide before they will combine. Benzoic acid and m-oxy-benzoic acid are readily reduced by sodium-amalgam to benzyl alcohol and jn-oxy-benzyl alcohol respectively, while o-, am 1 /)-, oxybenzoic acids are not attacked. Orthoand para-nitro-acetanilide dissolve in cone, potash; the former is readily saponified by the potash, giving potassium acetate and o-nitroaniline; a similar decomposition occurs with the latter, but with greater difficulty. Meta-nitroacetanilide is insoluble in cone, potash, and is scarcely affected by it (Kleemann, B. 19, 336). The substitution of an atom of hydrogen in the nucleus by an atom of bromine is accompanied by absorption of heat; in an actual experiment this is not observed, being more than counterbalanced by the heat developed in the simultaneous formation of HBr (Werner, Bl. 46, 282). Occasional reactions. 1. Acetyl bromide not only displaces H by Ac but sometimes even turns out an alkyl; thus it converts di-methyl-aniline and di-ethyl-aniline into methyl acetanilide, and ethyl-aeetanilide respectively (Staedel, B. 19, 1947).--2. Bennoyl chloride sometimes behaves in the same way, converting di-methyl-aniline and di-ethyl-aniline into methyl-benzanilide and ethyl-benzanilide respectively.--3. Nitric acid in nitration sometimes turns out acetyl, converting ethyl acetanilide into CaH, (NO., )jNEtH 1:3:4, and behaving similarly towards methyl acetanilide (Norton, B. 18, 1997). Nitric acid sometimes turns out bromine; thus it converts p-bromoaniline into tri-nitro-aniline (picramide) (Hager, .