Istoriya Krita - Arabskii Khalifat, Minoi Skaya Tsivilizatsiya, Iraklion, Russkaya Pochta Na Ostrove Krit, Linyei Noe Pis Mo a (Russian, Paperback)

Istochnik: Wikipedia. Stranitsy: 28. Glavy: Arabskii khalifat, Minoi skaya tsivilizatsiya, Iraklion, Russkaya pochta na ostrove Krit, Linyei noe pis mo A, Arkhyeologicheskii muzyei Irakliona, Avstrii skaya pochta na ostrove Krit, Krit.skoe pis mo, Amnis, Boginya so zmyeyami, Marinatos, Spiridon, Krit.skie ieroglify, Mal ya, Akrotiri, Knoss, Zakros, . eshli, Robert, Krit.skoe vosstanie, Agia Triada, Karfi, Khersonissos, Konstantinopol skii dogovor, Divan, Vosstaniya zindzhyei . Vyderzhka: Arabskii khalifa t (arab. ) - tyeokraticheskoe musul manskoe gosudarstvo, voznikshyee v rezul tate musul manskikh zavoevanii v VII-IX vv. i vozglavlyavshyeesya khalifami. Pervonachal nym yadrom khalifata stala sozdannaya prorokom Mukhammadom v nachale VII veka v Khidzhaze (Zapadnaya Araviya) musul manskaya obshchina - umma. V rezul tate musul manskikh zavoevanii bylo sozdano ogromnoe gosudarstvo, vklyuchavshyee Aravii skii poluostrov, Irak, Iran, bol shuyu chast Zakavkaz ya, Srednyuyu Aziyu, Siriyu, Palestinu, Yegipet, Severnuyu Afriku, bol shuyu chast Pirenyei skogo poluostrova, Sind. Slovo khalifat (arab. - Khal fah - -naslednik-, -predstavitel -) - oznachaet kak titul khalifa, tak i obshirnoe gosudarstvo, sozdannoe posle Mukhammada arabami-zavoevatelyami pod predvoditel stvom yego -khalifov- (namestnikov). Epokha sushchestvovaniya Arabskogo khalifata, vmeste s neskol kimi posleduyushchimi vekami rastsveta obshchyeislamskoi nauki i kul tury, imenuyut.sya v zapadnoi istoriografii Zolotym vekom islama. 632 god - Arabskii khalifa. Etot period vklyuchaet v sebya epokhu pervykh 4 khalifov, -shedshikh pravym pute m-, (ar-rashidin) - Abu Bakra (632-634), Umara (634-644), Usmana (644-656) i Ali (656-661) i gospodstvo Omyei yadov (661-750). Po svoim razmeram ikh imperiya, kotoraya obrazovalas menyee chem za sto let, prevzoshla Rimskuyu, i eto okazalos tem izumitel nyee, chto vnachale, posle smerti Mukhammada, mozhno bylo opasat sya, chto rukhnut dazhe te nebol shie...