Manipulating Masculinity - War and Gender in Modern British and American Literature (Paperback)

"Manipulating Masculinity" uses literature from World War I, World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Iraq wars to argue that when a society labels certain human traits "feminine," that society can more easily manipulate men to war. If a society convinces men that fighting is essentially manly, it entices men to war simply to prove their manliness. This book also looks at the ways Western cultural attitudes toward sex fuel wars by encouraging the displacement of sexuality into violence, by fostering titillation in combination with guilt and its accompanying need for self-punishment (which war abundantly supplies), and by defining sexual orientations so as to provoke self-doubt.