The Syntax and Idioms of Hindustani; A Manual of the Language, Consisting of Progressive Exercises in Grammar, Reading, and Translation, with Notes and Directions and Vocabularies (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1895 Excerpt: ...at 44, S and 68. 5-See also 162. (3) "Where there is a choice of terms or phrases, tho most familiar is likely to be the fittest, but it is good style to vary the rendering, if the term recurs. In examinations, the student should remember that the knowledge of a word includes ability to spell it correctly (see 6. 4). If he is at a loss for the representative of a word, of which the meaning is important to the general sense of the passage before him for translation, he should use a paraphrase rather than leave a gap or resort to transliteration. (4) Exactitude in the use of pronouns, whether as a matter of grammar or etiquette, is essential. They are omitted only when the sense is unmistakeable without them. The usage of theKeflexive apnd (see Exercise VI.) is specially important. (5) The realism of Hindustani bars the easy transfer of personal qualities to things inanimate and vice versa, which is characteristic of English. (See 24.) It is better to omit an epithet than translate it unidiomatically. (6) Personal and individual expression being characteristic of Hindustani, the English Passive should not be literally reproduced in translation, except when the agency is necessarily or intentionally vague. Por example, such a sentence as ' The throne was occupied by a tyrant' can only be rendered 'A tyrant sat upon the throne, ' whereas 'Many men were killed in the battle may be translated literally. Hindi neuter verbs and Arabic and Persian verbals in combination with hond are often convenient representatives of the English Passive. (See 119.) (7) The English prepositions of, ' ' to, ' 'for, ' 'by, ' and 'with ' after adjectives and verbs require careful attention, or breaches of idiom will be inevitable. In this matter, the earlier sections of this work are ...