1260s Births - Antipope Nicholas V, Al-Ashraf Khalil, William Cragh, Mate Csak, Isabella de Vesci, Aaron Ben Joseph of Constantinople (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 24. Chapters: Antipope Nicholas V, Al-Ashraf Khalil, William Cragh, Mate Csak, Isabella de Vesci, Aaron ben Joseph of Constantinople, Marino Sanuto the Elder, Przemko of cinawa, Maximus Planudes, Athinhkaya, Bernard Gui, Khutulun, Roger Utlagh, Henry le Scrope, Heilwige Bloemardinne, Valdemar IV, Duke of Schleswig, Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, Anna of Hungary, Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel, Gregory of Sinai, Baldred Bisset, Guy of Lusignan, Count of Angouleme, Peregrine of Opole, Hartung Munch. Excerpt: Al-Malik al-Ashraf Sal h al-D n Khalil ibn Qalaw n (Arabic: ); (b. c. 1262, Cairo - d. 14 December 1293, Kom Turuga) was the eighth Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 1290 until his assassination in December, 1293. He is most famous for conquering the last of the Crusader states in Palestine with the capture of Acre in 1291. Al-Ashraf Khalil, the 8th Kipchak Turkic Sultan of Egypt was the son of Sultan Qalawun. He became heir to the Sultanate and was named co-sultan with his father shortly after the sudden death of his older brother as-Salih Ali in 1288. During the investiture, Khalil faced a formal problem as the succession document was not signed by his late father. According to the ceremony judge, Fath ad-Din Abdul Zahir, his father refused to sign the document before his death saying: "Fath ad-Din, I can not let Khalil rule the Muslims." When Khalil saw the document without his father's signature he said: "Fath ad-Din, the sultan declined to give it to me, but God gave it to me" and he was inaugurated. Qalawun's vice-Sultan, Hosam ad-Din Turuntay and Emir Kitbugha, were arrested by Khalil and Turuntay was executed as he led a conspiracy to kill him but Kitbugha was later released. While Baydara al-Mansuri became the new Vice-Sultan, Hosam ad-Din Lajin became the deputy of the Sultan in Syria and Ibn al-Salus was g...