Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 25. Chapters: Roger Penrose, Ted Nelson, Maurice Bowra, Robert J. C. Young, Melvyn Bragg, Marcus du Sautoy, Peter Derow, Joseph Trapp, Edward Arthur Milne, Allan Chapman, Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan, John Richardson, Joseph White, Thomas Lindsay, Jeremy R. Knowles, Ian Brownlie, Michael Checkland, John Bell, Theodore Wade-Gery, John Griffiths, Bernard O'Donoghue, Gilbert Ironside the younger, Walter Blandford, John Swinton, Jeffrey Hackney, Richard Congreve, Eprime Eshag, T. J. Binyon, Andrew Hodges, George Forrest, John Williams, Richard Sharpe, Donald MacDougall, Peter Carter, Joseph Wells, Roger Cowley, Benjamin Bickley Rogers. Excerpt: Sir Roger Penrose OM FRS (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist and Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College. He has received a number of prizes and awards, including the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics which he shared with Stephen Hawking for their contribution to our understanding of the universe. He is renowned for his work in mathematical physics, in particular his contributions to general relativity and cosmology. He is also a recreational mathematician and philosopher. Born in Colchester, Essex, England, Roger Penrose is a son of Lionel S. Penrose and Margaret Leathes. Penrose is the brother of mathematician Oliver Penrose and of chess Grandmaster Jonathan Penrose. Penrose was precocious as a child. He attended University College School. Penrose graduated with a first class degree in mathematics from University College London. In 1955, while still a student, Penrose reintroduced the E. H. Moore generalized matrix inverse (also known as Moore-Penrose inverse after it had been reinvented by Arne Bjerhammar (1951). Penrose earned his Ph.D. at Cambridge (St John's College) in 1958, writ...