Medieval Currencies - Livre Tournois, Papal Mint, French Franc, Medieval Bulgarian Coinage, Coinage of Asia, Dobla, Bracteate, Spanish Maravedi (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 40. Chapters: Livre tournois, Papal mint, French franc, Medieval Bulgarian coinage, Coinage of Asia, Dobla, Bracteate, Spanish maravedi, Chinese cash, Ducat, Florin, Bezant, Coinage of the Republic of Venice, Kahavanu, Angel, Vietnamese cash, Schinderling, Columnarios, Visigothic coinage, Ecu, Prague groschen, Japanese mon, Sequin, Korean mun, Portuguese dinheiro, Augustalis, Banovac, Grzywna, Flying cash, Krakow grosz, Vijayanagara coinage, Akce, French denier, Livre parisis, Grosso of Venice, Tornesel, Serbian perper, Chao, Yarmaq, Cologne mark, Batzen, Jiaozi, French sol, Anglo-Saxon pound, Fals, Huizi, Ragusian libertine, Zlot, Artiluc, Ashrafi, Frizatik. Excerpt: The Papal Mint is the pope's institute for the production of hard cash. Papal Mint also refers to the buildings in Avignon, Rome, and elsewhere that used to house the mint. (The Italian word for mint is Zecca). The right to coin money being one of the regalia (sovereign prerogatives), there can be no papal coins of earlier date than that of the temporal power of the popes. Nevertheless, there are coins of Pope Zacharias (741-52), of Gregory III (Ficoroni, "Museo Kircheriano"), and possibly of Gregory II (715-741). There is no doubt that these pieces, two of which are of silver, are true coins-and not medals like those distributed as "presbyterium" at the coronation of the popes since the time of Valentine (827). Their stamp resembles the Byzantine and Merovingian coins of the seventh and eighth centuries, and their square shape is also found in Byzantine pieces. Those that bear the inscription GREII PAPE - SCI PTR (Gregorii Papae - Sancti Petri) cannot be attributed to Pope Gregory IV (827-44), because of the peculiarity of minting. The existence of these coins, while the popes yet recognized the Byzantine domination, is explained by Hartmann (Das Konigreich Italien, ..