Vitamers - Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate, Cholecalciferol, Cobamamide, Ergocalciferol, Phylloquinone, Sodium Ascorbate, Tocoph (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 24. Chapters: Ascorbic acid, Calcium ascorbate, Cholecalciferol, Cobamamide, Ergocalciferol, Phylloquinone, Sodium ascorbate, Tocopherol, Tocotrienol, Vitamer, Vitamin K. Excerpt: Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that the human body needs for posttranslational modification of certain proteins required for blood coagulation, and in metabolic pathways in bone and other tissue. They are 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-) derivatives. This group of vitamins includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, phytomenadione, or phytonadione, is synthesized by plants, and is found in highest amounts in green leafy vegetables because it is directly involved in photosynthesis. It may be thought of as the "plant form" of vitamin K. It is active in animals and may perform the classic functions of vitamin K in animals, including its activity in the production of blood clotting proteins. Animals may also convert it to vitamin K2. Vitamin K2, the main storage form in animals, has several subtypes, which differ in isoprenoid chain length. These vitamin K2 homologs are called menaquinones, and are characterized by the number of isoprenoid residues in their side chains. Menaquinones are abbreviated MK-n, where M stands for menaquinone, the K stands for vitamin K, and the n represents the number of isoprenoid side chain residues. For example, menaquinone-4 (abbreviated MK-4) has four isoprene residues in its side chain. Menaquinone-4 (also known as menatetrenone from its four isoprene residues) is the most common type of vitamin K2 in animal products since it is normally synthesized from vitamin K1 in certain animal tissues (arterial walls, pancreas, and testes) by replacement of the phytyl tail with an unsaturated geranylgeranyl tail containing four isoprene units, thus yielding menaquinone-4. This homolog of vitamin K2 may have enzyme functions that are distinct from those of vitamin K1. Bacteria in the colon (large intestine) can also convert K1 into vitamin K2. In addition, bacteria typically lengthen the isopreneoid side chain of vitamin K2 to produce a range of vitamin K2 for

General

Imprint:	Books LLC, Wiki Series
Country of origin:	United States
Release date:	April 2013
First published:	April 2013
Authors:	Source Wikipedia
Creators:	Books Llc
Dimensions:	246 x 189 x 1mm (L x W x T)
Format:	Paperback - Trade
Pages:	290
ISBN-13:	978-1-156-07870-9
Categories:
LSN:	1-156-07870-9
Barcode:	9781156078709

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