Currency Production Methods - Coining, Hammered Coinage, Munzmeister, Milled Coinage, Munzwardein, Cast Coinage (Paperback)

Chapters: Coining, Hammered Coinage, Munzmeister, Milled Coinage, Munzwardein, Cast Coinage. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 30. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Circulating currenciesCommunity currencies Fictional currencies In minting, coining is the process of manufacturing coins using a kind of stamping which is now generically known in metalworking as "coining." A coin die is one of the two metallic pieces that are used to strike one side of a coin. A die contains an inverse version of the image to be struck on the coin. To imagine what the incuse version looks like, press a coin into clay or wax and look at the resulting inverted image. Modern dies made out of hardened steel are capable of producing many hundreds of thousands of coins before they are retired and defaced. Prior to the modern era, coin dies were manufactured individually by hand by artisans known as celators. In demanding times, such as the crisis of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century, dies were still used even when they became very worn or even when they cracked. The die that was on the hammer side, usually the reverse (back), tended to wear out first. The flans were usually hot prior to striking. On some Roman provincial coins, some believe the tongs used to move the heated flan left permanent center indentations on the finished coins. Others attribute these marks to surfacing tools used as a part of flan preparation. Medieval coin dies were created in mints by guild members known as engravers. The vast majority of medieval coins were cold struck; the planchets were not heated. While medieval coin dies were largely made of iron, some dies have been discovered with a small region at the face of the die which is made of steel. As technology and the economy changed over the course of the Middle Ages, so did ...More: http: //booksllc.net/?id=2405731