Laboratory Practice; A Series of Experiments on the Fundamental Principles of Chemistry - A Companion Volume to the New Chemistry, by Josiah (Paperback)

Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: fore, the basis of our science. In most cases these distinctions are so striking as to be obvious. No person would confound one with another salt, sugar, water, or air. But in many cases the distinctions are obscure, and can only be made manifest by careful observation and study. Hence a philosophical treatment of our subject implies a preliminary consideration of the distinguishing properties of substances, and this discussion will give the opportunity of illustrating many fundamental facts and relations which are not only of great interest in themselves, but which will also serve as the basis of a knowledge of the principles of chemical science. 1. Water. Experiment 1. Density of Water.?A closed cylinder, about 5- centimetres long by 2 centimetres in diameter, of sheet tin or brass, with a hook at the top, which can be made by a tinsmith, is required for this experiment. Before soldering on the top the cylinder should be loaded with lead shot, so that it will sink in water. A pair of scales, with a set of weights,is also required. Hand scales, with horn pans and brass beam 20 centimetres long, and with a set of weights from O'Ol to 100 grammes, are well adapted for all the experiments here described, and cost in Germany only $2.37. The student first measures the size of the cylinder. This may be done by fitting exactly a sheet of glazed paper to the convex surface, and measuring with a millimetre scale the length and width of the paper. The volume of the cylinder, in cubic centimetres, can now be calculated, and the student should be shown how to estimate approximately the probable error of his result. The cylinder is next to be weighed, first in air, and secondly under iced water. For this purpose the scales are best hung by a cord passing over a pulley and secured to a ...