Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Volume 70 (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1902 edition. Excerpt: ...be cooled without freezing, then taking Brunner-s coefficient for ice, and Hallstrom-s formula for the volume of water at temperatures below 4 C., it follows that ice and water would have the same specific volume at some temperature between-120 and-130; applying the ordinary thermodynamic relation, then no change of state between ice and water could be brought about below this temperature. On the other hand, Clausiust has shown that the latent heat of fusion of ice must be lowered with the temperature of fusion some 0-603 of a unit per degree. If such a decrement is assumed to be constant, then about-130 the latent heat of fluidity would vanish. J Baynes discusses the same subject, and arrives at the conclusion that at a temperature of-122-8 C. and under a pressure of 16,632 atmospheres "Change of State, Solid, Liquid," Phil. Mug., 1881. t Mechanical Theory of Heat, -p. 172 (1879). J In my paper " On the Lowering of the Freezing-point of Water by Pressure," Roy. Soc. Proc., -1880, it was proved that up to 700 Atmospheres the rate of fall was constant and equal to the theoretical value within the range of pressure if the difference between the specific volumes of ice and water remain constant; thence the latent heat of fusion must diminish just as Clausius had predicted. jj Lessons ou Thermodynamics, . 169 (1878). there is no distinction between the solid and liquid forms of water. At temperatures below this limit no amount of pressure would transform ice into water. We are thus relieved from a difficulty that would follow but for this demonstration of Clausius, namely, that the application of enormous pressures to ice, even at temperatures below that of liquid hydrogen, might cause the transformation of ice into water....