Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 55. Chapters: Incest taboo, Matriarchy, Dual inheritance theory, Infanticide, Patriarchy, Evolutionary ethics, Tinbergen's four questions, Eusociality, Life history theory, Sociophysiology, Evolution of morality, Avunculate, Empathic concern, Human behavioral ecology, Evolution of eusociality, Not in Our Genes, God gene, Matrilocal residence, Mating system, Sociobiological theories of rape, Biocultural anthropology, International Committee Against Racism, Queen ant, Biosocial theory, Group size measures, Patrilocal residence, Biosocial criminology, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, Apiology, Siblicide, Sociobiology Study Group, Donald Brown, Cooperative breeding, Joseph Lopreato, Human Universals, The Origins of Virtue, Animal geographies, Parental manipulation, Neolocal residence, Gyne, Walking marriage, Dense heterarchy, Ambilocal residence, Dear enemy effect, Alate. Excerpt: A matriarchy is a society in which females, especially mothers, have the central roles of political leadership and moral authority. It is also sometimes called a gynocratic or gynocentric society. There are no known societies that are unambiguously matriarchal, although there are attested matrilinear, matrilocal, and avunculocal societies, especially among indigenous peoples of Asia and Africa, such as those of the Minangkabau, E De (Rhade), Mosuo, Berbers and Tuareg and, in Europe, e.g. Sardinian people. Strongly matrilocal societies sometimes are referred to as matrifocal, and there is some debate concerning the terminological delineation between matrifocality and matriarchy. Even in patriarchical systems of male-preference primogeniture, there may occasionally be queens regnant, as in the case of Elizabeth I of England. In 19th century Western scholarship, the hypothesis of matriarchy representing an early stage of human development-now mostly lost in pr...