The Method of Coordinates (Paperback, 1990 ed.)

"All through both volumes [Functions & Graphs and The Methods of Coordinates], one finds a careful description of the step-by-step thinking process that leads up to the correct definition of a concept or to an argument that clinches in the proof of a theorem. We are ... very fortunate that an account of this caliber has finally made it to printed pages... Anyone who has taken this guided tour will never be intimidated by n ever again... High school students (or teachers) reading through these two books would learn an enormous amount of good mathematics. More importantly, they would also get a glimpse of how mathematics is done." -- H. Wu, The Mathematical Intelligencer The need for improved mathematics education at the high school and college levels has never been more apparent than in the 1990's. As early as the 1960's, I.M. Gelfand and his colleagues in the USSR thought hard about this same question and developed a style for presenting basic mathematics in a clear and simple form that engaged the curiosity and intellectual interest of thousands of high school and college students. These same ideas, this development, are available in the following books to any student who is willing to read, to be stimulated, and to learn. The Method of Coordinates is a way of transferring geometric images into formulas, a method for describing pictures by numbers and letters denoting constants and variables. It is fundamental to the study of calculus and other mathematical topics. Teachers of mathematics will find here a fresh understanding of the subject and a valuable path to the training of students in mathematical concepts and skills. Contents Preface Foreword Introduction PART I Chapter 1 TheCoordinates of Points on a Line 1. The Number Axis 2. The Absolute Value of Number 3. The Distance Between Two Points Chapter 2 The Coordinates of Points in the Plane 4. The Coordinate Plane 5. Relations Connecting Coordinates 6. The Distance Between Two Points 7. Defining Figures 8. We Begin to Solve Problems 9. Other Systems of Coordinates Chapter 3 The Coordinates of a Point in Space 10. Coordinate Axes and Planes 11. Defining Figures in Space PART II Chapter 1 Introduction 1. Some General Considerations 2. Geometry as an Aid in Calculation 3. The Need for Introducing Four-Dimensional Space 4. The Peculiarities of Four-Dimensional Space 5. Some Physics Chapter 2 Four-Dimensional Space 6. Coordinate Axes and Planes 7. Some Problems Chapter 3 The Four-Dimensional Cube 8. The Definition of the Sphere and the Cube 9. The Structure of the Four-Dimensional Cube 10. Problems on the Cube