Notes on Chemistry; A Manual Based on Lecture Notes on the Nonmetals [To Antimony] (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1892 Excerpt: ...but chiefly on the character of the element combining with them With H and most metals they act only as dyads, but generally exhibit a higher valence in combination with oxygen and the more negative elements. The negative character of the members of this family de creases with the increasing atomic weights, while there is an increase of those physical properties which characterize the metals. Oxygen is a gas, while the other three are solids at ordinary temperatures. (Harris, 83., Stoddard, p. 19, Remsen, pp. 180--182., Cooley, g 112.) 7. 8ULPHUR, Sym., S. A.t. Wt., 32. Valence, 2, 4, 6. This element, when acting in its lowest degree of valence, shows much similarity to oxygen, being strongly negative, and forms with all the more positivt elements compounds analogous to the correspon ding compounds of O. The sulphur molecule varies in the number of atoms it contains with the temperature, being S- at 10000, S6 at 500-, and at lower temperatures some greater nnmber, probably variable and as yet undetermined. (Harris, 84.) 114 Occurrence. It is widely distributed in nature i-i both the frei' and combined states. 1. It is found free in volcanic districts mixed with marl and gypsum ruck; principally in Sicily, Italj, and Spainand in considerable quantity in California. 2. It occurs in great abundance and widely distributed as sulphides of the metals and of Indrogen 3. It is found united with oxygen as SOz, and in the abundant rock known as gypsum, --CaSCU Free sulphur has many forms, among them roll-sulphur, crystalnz-jd sulphur, and "flowers of sulphur." The sul phides are the primitive compounds of sulphur, and are found in veins in most igneous rocks. The action of steam at high temperatures on these native sulphides has yenera le...