World War I Museums in France - Fort de Villey-Le-SEC, Carri Re Wellington, Fort de Mutzig, Fort de Liouville, Fort de Giromagny (Paperback)

Chapters: Fort de Villey-Le-Sec, Carri re Wellington, Fort de Mutzig, Fort de Liouville, Fort de Giromagny, Museum of the Great War. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 34. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Fort de Villey-le-Sec, also known as Fort Tr vise, is a fortification of the 19th century, built as part of the S r de Rivi res system of fortifications in Villey-le-Sec, France, one of the defenses of Toul. It is a unique example for its time of a defensive enclosure around a village. Conceived after the defeat of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, the fort was located away from the main combat zone of World War I and has remained almost intact. The fort's preservation association has been at work since 1961 to restore and interpret the site. It has been included in the Inventory of Historic Sites and has been designated as a preserved natural area. The S r de Rivi res was a response to the increasing power of explosive artillery, abandoning vertical masonry walls for more blended fortifications that served as artillery emplacements, defended by machine guns and small arms. The forts and batteries were designed to provide mutual support and to provide shelter and support for infantry units to maintain a defensive line, or cover for the assembly of larger offensive forces. In the 1880s, with the development of high explosives, much of the masonry construction of the forts became obsolete and was rebuilt using concrete and earth coverage. Artillery direction observatoryFort Villey-le-Sec was built between 1875 and 1879, then modernized in 1888, 1903 and 1914. The fortified camp of Toul anchors the end of the fortification curtain of the Hauts de Meuse. The 1874 Declaration of Public Utility that authorized construction envisioned four forts: Ecouvres, Dongermain, St.-Michel and ...More: http: //booksllc.net/?id=26093384