The Portland Cement Industry from a Financial Standpoint (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1908 edition. Excerpt: ...the fineness necessary to bring about the requisite chemical combination of the mixture in the kiln. In consequence, a comparatively few combinations of raw materials are actually used in practise. In certain localities deposits of argillaceous (clayey) limestone or "cement rock" occur, in which the lime, silica, alumina, and iron oxide exist in so nearly the proper proportions that only a relatively small amount (say 10 per cent or so) of other material is required in order to make a mixture of correct composition. In the majority of plants, however, most or all of the necessary lime is furnished by one raw material, while the silica, alumina, and iron oxide are largely or entirely derived from another raw material. The raw material which furnishes the lime is limestone, chalk, or marl, while the silica, alumina, and iron oxide of the mixture are derived from clay, shale, or slate. In the following table the production of Portland Cement in the United States is classified according to the kinds of raw materials from which the cement was manufactured. The production is grouped as follows: Type 1 includes cement produced from a mixture of argillaceous limestone ("cement rock") and pure limestone. This is the combination of materials used in all the cement plants of the Lehigh district of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and also at several Western plants. Type 2 includes cement made from a mixture of comparatively pure limestone with clay or shale. This mixture is employed at many plants all over the United States. Type 8 includes cement manufactured from a mixture of marl and clay. This type of mixture is used only in the states of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and New York. Type 4 includes Portland Cement manufactured from a...