Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Volume 227-231 (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1909 Excerpt: ...the few organisms remaining in the sewages and effluents after treatment showed them to be largely organisms of the hay bacillus group--aerobic spore-forming bacteria which are probably beneficial in the further oxidation of the organic matter. Absolute sterilization required very high concentration of chlorine. COPPER AND ITS COMPOUNDS. Moore and Kellerman, in 1904, suggested that copper sulphate be used in water sterilization." Since that time a great deal of experimental work has been done, mainly in connection with water. The more important experiments, with sewage will be outlined. Johnson and Copeland6 at Columbus, Ohio, in 1904, in their work with "trickling filter effluents, obtained the results given in Table 11. Table 11.--Disinfection of trickling filler effluents irith copper sulphate al Columbus, Ohio. Johnson ami Copeland. They found the action of copper sulphate to be most rapid during the first hour. They estimate the cost for chemicals alone at $5 per million gallons of effluent treated with 10 parts per million of copper sulphate, and S10 if treated with 20 parts per million--an expense which they consider prohibitive. The use of copper sulphate as a disinfectant was more thoroughly investigated by Johnson at Columbus in 1905.c Experiments were made with crude sewage, and with effluents from trickling, contact, and sand filters. The effect of temperature, of organic matter, and of alkalinity on the efficiency of the process were determined and special studies were also made to determine the effect of the treatment on colon and typhoid organisms. The principal results with the various sewages treated are summarized in Table 12. -U. S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Plant Industry. Bull. 64. 1904. 'Jour. Infect. Diseases, Suppl. No. 1, ...