Lectures on Chemistry; Including Its Applications in the Arts, and the Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Compounds (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1843 edition. Excerpt: ...done by means of the little instrument called an alkalimeter. The following directions for making these tubes arc given by Faraday. "Into a tube, sealed at one end, 9 inches long, J of an inch in diameter, and as cylindrical as possible in its whole length, pour 1000 grains of water, and with a file or diamond mark the place where its surface reaches, and divide the space occupied by the water into 100 equal parts; opposite to the numbers 23'44, 48-96, 54-63, and 65, draw a line, and at the first, write soda; at the second, potassa; at the third, carbonate of soda; and at the fourth, carbonate of potassa. Then prepare a dilute acid, having the specific gravity of 1-127 at 60, which may be made by mixing one measure of concentrated sulphuric acid, with four measures of distilled water. See Chemical Manipulation, page 292. This is the standard acid, to be used in all the experiments, being of such strength that when poured into the tube till it reaches either of the four marks just mentioned, we shall obtain the exact quantity which is necessary for neutralizing 100 grains of the alkali written opposite to it. If when the acid reaches the word carb: potassa, and when consequently we have the exact quantity which will neutralize 100 grains of that carbonate, pure water be added until it reaches 1, or the beginning of the scale; each division of this scale will neutralize one grain of carbonate of potash. All that is now required, in order to ascertain the real quantity of carbonate in any specimen of pcarlash, is to dissolve 100 grains of the sample in warm water; filter to remove all the insoluble parts, and add the dilute acid in successive quantities, until by the lest of litmus paper the solution is exactly neutralized."t Methods...