A Grammar of the Pukkhto or Pukshto Language; On a New and Improved System, Combining Brevity with Practical Utility, and Including Exercises and Dialogues, Intended to Facilitate the Acquisition of the Colloquial (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1867 Excerpt: ...in the third person singular. This rule applies to all compound tenses. Ex. tJr i?--kitab di lwustai dai (have you read the book?) j Jjd-t ijj$ U ma doda-l khwurali da (I have eaten the bread), . i gjjj $ rWpa-l di warkirl dl (have you given him the rupees?), l s& ghlo dzamunga tsalor nkkhan nlwull dl (thieves have seized four of our camels). e. The Pluperfect Tense (mazl ba'ld) denotes action long since completed or past. It is formed according to the same rules for transitives and intransitives as the preceding tense, by coupling the past participle of the verb with the past tense of the auxiliary j yam (I am). f. The Doubtful Past Tense (mazl tashklk) is formed from the past participle of the verb, coupled with the future tense of the auxiliary yam (I am) according to the rules above given, both for verbs transitive and intransitive. 76. Person And Number zama-ir wa idad).--Each tense has three persons, corresponding with the first, second, and third personal pronouns, and two numbers, the singular and plural. In all tenses and both numbers the third person is subject to inflection for gender, and in compound tenses the first and second persons also. a. In all present tenses of transitive verbs, and in tenses present and past of intransitive verbs, the different persons in the singular and plural, are distinguished by the affix of certain pronominal particles that are inseparable from the verbs. They are styled "affixed personal pronouns" (zamd-iri muttasila) and are as follows, viz.--First person am j Second person e 'singular. a-i J plural. Third person. I ) l The first and second of these pronominal affixes in both numbers are also used with the imperfect and past tenses of transitive verbs, when their corresponding personal pronouns...