Prostye Chisla - Prostoe Chislo, 7, 13, 23, 5, Nezakonnoe Prostoe Chislo, Problema Gol Dbakha, 37, Effekt Karatsuby, Sluchai Noe Prostoe Chislo (Russian, Paperback)

Istochnik: Wikipedia. Stranitsy: 34. Glavy: Prostoe chislo, 7, 13, 23, 5, Nezakonnoe prostoe chislo, Problema Gol dbakha, 37, Effekt Karatsuby, Sluchai noe prostoe chislo, 17, Psevdoprostoe chislo, 41, Seksual nye prostye chisla, 29, 31, 19, 11, Arifmeticheskie progressii iz prostykh chisel, 47, 101, 73, 131, 53, Gipoteza Brokarda, 83, 43, 137, 151, Gipoteza Poi a, 263, 103, 149, 127, 109, 71, 61, 139, 277, 197, 257, 89, 107, 79, 227, 59, 67, 163, 269, 173, Stepen prostogo chisla, 179, 251, 113, 167, Gipoteza Polin yaka, 157, 613. Vyderzhka: Prosto e chislo - eto natural noe chislo, kotoroe imyeet rovno dva razlichnykh natural nykh delitelya: yedinitsu i samogo sebya. Vse ostal nye chisla, krome yedinitsy, nazyvayut.sya sostavnymi. Takim obrazom, vse natural nye chisla bol she yedinitsy razbivayut.sya na prostye i sostavnye. Izucheniem svoi stv prostykh chisel zanimaet.sya tyeoriya chisel. V tyeorii kolets prostym chislam sootvet.stvuyut neprivodimye elementy. Posledovatel nost prostykh chisel nachinaet.sya tak: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, ... (posledovatel nost A000040 v OEIS, sm. takzhe spisok prostykh chisel) Osnovnaya tyeorema arifmetiki utverzhdaet, chto kazhdoe natural noe chislo, bol shyee yedinitsy, predstavimo v vide proizvedeniya prostykh chisel, priche m yedinstvennym sposobom s tochnost yu do poryadka sledovaniya somnozhitelyei . Takim obrazom, prostye chisla - elementarnye -stroitel nye bloki- natural nykh chisel. Predstavlenie natural nogo chisla v vide proizvedeniya prostykh nazyvaet.sya razlozheniem na prostye ili faktorizatsiyei chisla. Na nastoyashchii moment nyeizvestny polinomial nye algoritmy faktorizatsii chisel, khotya i ne dokazano, chto takikh algoritmov ne sushchestvuet. Na predpolagaemoi bol shoi vychislitel noi slozhnosti zadachi faktorizatsii baziruet.sya kriptosistema RSA i nekotorye drugie. Faktorizatsiya s p...