A Practical Treatise on Hydraulic and Watersupply Engineering (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1899 edition. Excerpt: ...a case where the bottom was puddled with clay, but a sufficiency of clay to puddle the embankments was not obtainable. The embankment is here constructed of gravel, coarse sand, very fine sand, and a moderate amount of loam. The materials were selected and mixed so as to secure imperviousness to the greatest possible extent, and were put together in the most compact manner possible, and have proved successful. This has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the writer that very tine sand may replace to a considerable extent the clay that is usually demanded, and his experience includes several examples, among which, on a single work, is more than three-fourths of a mile of successful embankment entirely destitute of clay, but sand was used with the gravel, of all grades, from microscopic grains to coarse mortar sand, and a sufficiency of loam was used to give the required adhesion. The outside slopes were heavily soiled and grassed as soon as possible. Masonry-faced Embankment.--When there is a necessity for economizing space, one or both sides of an embankment may be faced with masonry. An example of such construction is selected from the practice of a successful engineer in one of the Atlantic States, and is shown in Fig. 61. A method of introducing clay puddle into a central wall in the embankment, beneath the embankment, and on the reservoir bottom, is also here shown. The puddle of the reservoir bottom is usually covered with a layer of sand. 367. Concrete Paving.--The lower section of the slope paving of the distributing reservoir, Fig. 58, was built up of concrete, composed of broken stone 4 parts; coarse sand 1 part; fine sand 1 part; and hydraulic cement 1 part. The cement and sand were measured and mixed dry, then moistened, and then the...