American Sewerage Practice Volume 2 (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1915 edition. Excerpt: ...and spigot joint, the corrugated bell and spigot, ring joint, and the "Archer water-tight" joint made in England. The results of some of these tests are given in Volume I. In 1894 Freeman C. Coffin carried out experiments on cement joints (Jour. Assn. Eng. Socs., Dec., 1894), with Portland and Rosendale cement as jointing material, each of these being tried with and without the addition of sand. Tests were made under a uniform head of 5 ft. above the center of the pipe, which was considered the average head of ground water on sewers. The pipe used were 6 in. in diameter and in lengths of 1 ft. Three forms of joints were tested, the standard, the deep socket, and the deep socket with round-about grooves on the inside of the socket and outside of the spigot end of the pipe. Mr. Coffin expressed the opinion that with joints equally well made, the seepage would vary as the thickness of the joint and inversely as the depth, and in comparing the flush with the overfilled joints a decided gain from overfilling was found, although there was a greater eccentricity in the results of the overfilled joints. In the tests of joints made with Rosendale cement it was found that the neat cement made a poorer record than either a 1:1 or 1:2 sand mixture. The best results seemed to be obtained when the mortar was of such consistency that the largest amount would stay upon a trowel, neither falling apart from dryness nor running from moisture. Mr. Coffin summarizes his results as follows: With the standard joint the small amount of room for cement made it exceedingly difficult to make a full joint in the trench, and while the tests showed fairly good results he thought it impossible to approximate to such results in actual practice in a wet trench. For...