Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 61. Chapters: Contra dance, Salsa, Hip-hop dance, Diablada, Weapon dance, Old-time music, B-boying, Show choir, Line dance, Clogging, Physical theatre, Acro dance, Krumping, Sequence dance, Lyrical dance, Stepping, Dansa, Tecktonik, List of dance style categories, J-Setting, Flagging dance, Jamming, 20th century concert dance, Tea dance, Postmodern dance, Twirlin', Step dance, Classical Persian dance, Richmond Robottin, Diablada punena, Character dance, Old school jazz dance, Ball, Lyrical ballet, Expressionist dance, Free dance, Interpretive dance, Solo, Dream ballet, Fanga song, Ausdruckstanz. Excerpt: Hip-hop dance refers to dance styles primarily danced to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. This includes a wide range of styles notably breaking, locking, and popping which were created in the 1970s by African Americans. What separates hip-hop dance from other forms of dance is that it is often freestyle (improvisational) in nature and hip-hop dancers frequently engage in battles-formal or informal freestyle dance competitions. Informal freestyle sessions and battles are usually performed in a cipher, "a circular dance space that forms naturally once the dancing begins." These three elements-freestyling, battles, and ciphers-are key components of hip-hop dance. More than 30 years old, hip-hop dance became widely known after the first professional breaking, locking, and popping crews formed in the 1970s. The most influential groups are the Rock Steady Crew, The Lockers, and the Electric Boogaloos who are responsible for the spread of breaking, locking, and popping respectively. Parallel with the evolution of hip-hop music, hip-hop dancing evolved from breaking and the funk styles into different forms: moves such as the "running man" and the "cabbage patch" hit the mainstream and became fad dances. The ...