Exiles - John Amos Comenius, Bahadur Shah II, Cornelio Saavedra, Chin Peng, Clement Vallandigham, Paul-Emile Borduas, Ranavalona III (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 26. Chapters: John Amos Comenius, Bahadur Shah II, Cornelio Saavedra, Chin Peng, Clement Vallandigham, Paul-Emile Borduas, Ranavalona III, Frederick William, Elector of Hesse, John Locke, Antoine Hamilton, Robert Malecki, Jacques Duhan de Jandun, Alv Erlingsson, Buyeo Pung. Excerpt: Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar (Hindi: ) (Urdu: ), also known as Bahadur Shah or Bahadur Shah II (Hindi: ) (Urdu: ) (October 1775 - 7 November 1862) was the last of the Mughal emperors in India, as well as the last ruler of the Timurid Dynasty. He was the son of Akbar Shah II and Lalbai, who was a Hindu Rajput. He became the Mughal Emperor upon his father's death on 28 September 1837. Zafar ( Urdu: ), meaning "victory" was his nom de plume (takhallus) as an Urdu poet. Even in defeat it is traditionally believed that he said Emperor Bahadur Shah is seen as a freedom fighter (he was Commander-In-Chief of the mutiny army), fighting for India's independence from the British. As the last ruling member of the imperial Timurid Dynasty he was surprisingly composed and calm when Major Hodson presented decapitated heads of his own sons to him as Nazr gifts. He is famously remembered to have said. Zafar's father, Akbar Shah II, ruled over a rapidly disintegrating empire between 1806 to 1837. It was during his time that the East India Company dispensed with the illusion of ruling in the name of the Mughal monarch and removed his name from the Persian texts that appeared on the coins struck by the company in the areas under their control. Bahadur Shah Zafar who succeeded him was not Akbar Shah Saani's choice as his successor. Akbar Shah was, in fact, under great pressure by one of his queens, Mumtaz Begum to declare her son Mirza Jahangir as the successor. Akbar Shah would have probably accepted this demand but Mirza Jahangir had fallen afoul of ...