Fortifications of Paris - Bastille, Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Wall of Philip II Augustus, Paris, Fort de Charenton (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 30. Chapters: Bastille, Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries, Wall of Philip II Augustus, Paris, Fort de Charenton, Fort de Bicetre, City walls of Paris, Fort de Chatillon, Fort d'Ivry, Fort de Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Fort de l'Est, Wall of the Farmers-General, Thiers wall, Fort de Vaujours, Grand Chatelet, City gates of Paris, Wall of Charles V, Paris, Fort de Nogent, Fort de Saint-Cyr, Fort de Villiers, Fort Mont-Valerien, Fort de Domont, Fort de Sucy, Fort de Champigny, Tour du coin, Fort du Trou-d'Enfer, Fort de Montmorency, Tour de Nesle, Fort de Romainville, Fort Neuf de Vincennes, Porte Maillot, Redoute de Gravelle. Excerpt: The fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries comprise: They were built in two stages: From a military point of view, Paris is a fortified camp situated in a basin. During the 19th century, each Prussian invasion (1814-15 and 1870) saw the bombardment of Paris from the surrounding heights. Fortifications were extended outwards after each successive invasion as the range of artillery continued to develop, in order to deny the use of the heights to the enemy. 1670 The king demolishes the walls of Charles V and Louis XIII. Paris becomes an open city and remains so for two centuries. 1689 Vauban recommends the enclosure of Paris, with the construction of a second enclosure to include the then-villages of Chaillot, Montmartre and Belleville (located on heights overlooking the city), and two citadels flanking the city to the east and west to delay an enemy's approach. The king orders the construction of the Farmers General Wall, built not as a fortification, but as a means of taxation. 1814-1815 Paris is occupied twice at the end of the reign of Napoleon I. 1818 Minister of War Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr creates a commission to "present its views on the best defense system" fo...