Indian Pacifists - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Vandana Shiva, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Jayaprakash Narayan, Krishnammal Jagannathan (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 29. Chapters: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Vandana Shiva, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Jayaprakash Narayan, Krishnammal Jagannathan, Kasturba Gandhi, Thakur Ramapati Singh, Mahadev Desai, Narayan Desai, K. E. Mammen. Excerpt: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: Hindi: , pronounced; 2 October 1869 - 30 January 1948) was a pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He pioneered satyagraha. This is defined as resistance to tyranny through mass civil resistance - a term which Gandhi used in many of his statements and writings. His philosophy was firmly founded upon ahimsa (nonviolence). His philosophy and leadership helped India gain independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi is often referred to as Mahatma (; Sanskrit: mah tm or "Great Soul" (magnanimous), an honorific first applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore). In India he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: , b pu or "Father") and officially honored in India as the Father of the Nation. His birthday, 2 October, is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse. Gandhi first employed civil disobedience while an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, during the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he organized protests by peasants, farmers, and urban laborers concerning excessive land-tax and discrimination. After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, he aimed to achieve Swaraj or the independence of India from foreign...