Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 41. Chapters: Abdullah Said al Libi, Abdul Hafiz Ghoga, Abdul Rahman Habil, Abdurrahim El-Keib, Ali Ashour, Ali Tarhouni, Ashour Bin Khayal, Awad al-Baraasi, Fatima Hamroush, Fawzi Abdel A'al, Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi, Hasan Zaglam, Isa Tuwaijir, Jalal al-Digheily, Mahmoud Jibril, Mohamed Sowan, Mohammed Ali Abdallah, Mustafa Abdul Jalil, Mustafa Rugibani, Omar El-Hariri, Osama al-Juwaili, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi. Excerpt: Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: ) (June 1942 - 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi (Arabic: .)) or Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He served as the ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Politically an Arab nationalist and socialist, he formulated his own ideology, known as Third Universal Theory, while under his administration Libya was converted into a socialist state with industry and business being nationalized under state ownership. He later came to embrace Pan-Africanism, and served as Chairperson of the African Union (AU) from 2009 to 2010. Born the son of an impoverished Bedouin goatherd, Gaddafi became involved in Arab nationalist politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary organization, the Free Officers Movement, within the ranks of the Libyan military, he undertook training in England before returning to Libya and seizing power from King Idris in 1969 in a bloodless military coup. Becoming leader of the governing Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), he dissolved the monarchy and proclaimed the Libyan Arab Republic. Ruling by decree, he implemented measures to remove foreign influence from Libya, considering it imperialist, and strengthened ties...