Photographic Processes Dating from the 19th Century - Daguerreotype, Calotype, Collodion Process, Carbon Print, Platinum Print, Photogravure (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 33. Chapters: Daguerreotype, Calotype, Collodion process, Carbon print, Platinum print, Photogravure, Gum bichromate, Gelatin silver print, Photozincography, Kallitype, Cyanotype, Photoengraving, Photozincography of the Domesday Book, Tintype, Albumen print, Dry plate, Gelatin silver process, Anthotype, Ambrotype, Woodburytype, Heliography, Paper negative, Collotype, Joly color screen, Chromophotography, Photochromy, Salt print, Chrysotype, Collodion-albumen process, Bitumen of Judea, Siderotype, Aurotype, Physautotype. Excerpt: The daguerreotype (; French: ) was the first commercially successful photographic process. The image is a direct positive made in the camera on a silver plated copper plate. The raw material for plates was called Sheffield plate, plating by fusion or cold-rolled cladding and was a standard hardware item produced by heating and rolling silver foil in contact with a copper support. The surface of a daguerreotype is like a mirror, with the image made directly on the silvered surface; it is very fragile and can be rubbed off with a finger, and the finished plate has to be angled so as to reflect some dark surface in order to view the image properly. Depending on the angle viewed, and the color of the surface reflected into it, the image can change from a positive to a negative. The very first daguerreotypes used Chevalier lenses that were slow, and the light sensitive material was silver iodide made by fuming the the plate with iodine vapour. This meant that the exposure in the camera was too long to conveniently take portraits, and the first subjects taken were street scenes and architectural studies. When Petzval lenses were introduced, with lenses of a larger diameter and the plate was sensitized with iodine and bromine forming light sensitive crystals of silver iodide and silver bromide, the exposures we...