Professional Ethics - Academic Authorship, Archaeological Ethics, Barometer Question, Computer Ethics, Confidentiality, Dual Loyalty (Ethics (Paperback)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 28. Chapters: Academic authorship, Archaeological ethics, Barometer question, Computer ethics, Confidentiality, Dual loyalty (ethics), Engineering ethics, Ethical code, Feminist ethics, Internet research ethics, Iron Ring, Media ethics, Principlism, Professional abuse, Professional conduct, Professional Ethics (journal), Purity of arms, Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics. Excerpt: Academic authorship of journal articles, books, and other original works is a means by which academics communicate the results of their scholarly work, establish priority for their discoveries, and build their reputation among their peers. Authorship is a primary basis that employers use to evaluate academic personnel for employment, promotion, and tenure. In academic publishing, authorship of a work is claimed by those making intellectual contributions to the completion of the research described in the work. In simple cases, a solitary scholar carries out a research project and writes the subsequent article or book. In many disciplines, however, collaboration is the norm and issues of authorship can be controversial. In these contexts, authorship can encompass activities other than writing the article; a researcher who comes up with an experimental design and analyzes the data may be considered an author, even if he had little role in composing the text describing the results. According to some standards, even writing the entire article would not constitute authorship unless the writer was also involved in at least one other phase of the project. Guidelines for assigning authorship vary between institutions and disciplines. They may be formally defined or simply cultural custom. Incorrect application of authorship rules occasionally leads to charges of academic misconduct and sanctions for the violator. A 2002 survey of a large sample of researchers...