Exploring Haa Formation Pathways During Chloramination (Paperback)

In order to comply with increasingly stringent USEPA regulations, drinking water utilities have been exploring various strategies to minimize DBP formation. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the pathways of dihalogenated acetic acids (DXAA), the major class of HAA forming during chloramination, and to systematically examine the roles of important factors, namely DOM characteristics, pH and bromide, in DXAA formation and speciation. Understanding the pathways of DXAA formation and speciation during chloramination is critical for developing strategies toward their control and modeling of their formation through mechanistic or empirical models. Results are described in detail and further research is discussed. Contains CD with all Appendices.