Teachers' Manual for FreeHand Drawing in Primary Schools (Paperback)

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1875 Excerpt: ...curve has the same degree of curvature in all its parts, but that the direction of the curve is instantly reversed at the point where the straight line divides it. Instead of parts of circles, the reversed curve may be composed of parts of ellipses or parts of ovals. Each of the two sections of the curve would then be compound in itself. Again, each segment of the reversed curve may be quite different from any one of the compound curves which have yet been described. It may be of such a character that it can be struck by mechanical means, or it may be what is sometimes termed a "hand-curve," because it has no mathematically-defined features, and is struck by hand without the aid of instruments. To this last variety belong the first three curves shown at C. The first curve at C is called i the ogee, and sometimes the "line of beauty." Its two segments are alike. The degree of curvature of I each is greatest at the point of its greatest altitude, and grows less C and less from that point. As we approach the point where the curve changes its direction, it becomes nearly a straight line. Each segment, therefore, is a finely-graduated compound curve; and the two segments unite without any sudden change of direction in the curve. Let this be carefully noted and remembered. Where the segments of the compound curve at B unite, the direction of the curve is instantly and completely reversed. This makes a somewhat disagreeable impression upon the eye; but, where the segments of the first compound curve at C unite, there is no such abrupt change of direction, and the impression made upon the eye is consequently agreeable. This is something to be observed in drawing compound curves freehand, if we would make them beautiful. Let the ogee be repeatedl...